Nasal Flu Spray: What It Is, How It Works, and When to Use It

Nasal flu spray is a vaccine given through the nose to help prevent seasonal influenza. The most common type is the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), marketed in some countries as a nasal spray. It contains weakened virus that stimulates your immune system without causing the full illness. People often prefer the spray because it avoids needles.

Who can use the nasal flu spray and who should avoid it?

Healthy children and some adults can use the nasal spray, but it is not for everyone. Pregnant people, people with certain long-term health conditions, and those with weakened immune systems usually should get the injected flu shot instead. Young children under a certain age and older adults may also be excluded. Always check current national guidelines or ask your doctor before choosing the spray.

How well does the nasal spray work? Effectiveness varies by year and by age group. When the vaccine matches circulating flu strains, the nasal spray can work well, especially in children. Some seasons it has performed similarly to the injected vaccine, and other seasons it has been less effective. Still, it can reduce the chance of getting flu and lower the risk of severe illness.

Side effects and safety tips

Common side effects are mild and short lived. Expect a runny nose, nasal congestion, or a low-grade fever for a day or two. Rarely, people may have allergic reactions. If you have severe asthma, certain chronic conditions, or a weakened immune system, talk to your provider because the live vaccine may not be safe. If you feel unwell after vaccination or develop breathing problems, seek medical help.

You can get the nasal flu spray at clinics, pharmacies, and doctor's offices that offer it. It is usually given by a nurse or pharmacist who sprays into each nostril. No special preparation is needed. If you use medications that affect your immune system, tell the vaccinator. The spray must be stored cold, so make sure it comes from a credible source.

Alternatives and when to see a doctor If the nasal spray is not recommended for you, the injected influenza vaccine is the usual alternative. Antiviral pills are another option when you get sick; they treat flu but don’t replace vaccines. See a doctor if you have high fever, difficulty breathing, severe weakness, or symptoms that get much worse after vaccination.

Quick tips Check annual guidelines before getting vaccinated. Tell your provider about allergies and medical conditions. For children, ask about age rules and dosing. Keep records of your vaccinations to stay on schedule.

Planning ahead helps. Get vaccinated before flu season peaks, usually by late fall. If you travel internationally, check vaccine recommendations for your destination. Store vaccine receipts and record batch numbers if provided. If you or a family member had a serious reaction to a previous flu vaccine, bring that up with your clinician. Good communication helps you choose the safest option. Write questions down and bring them.